A new collection of images from around the world demonstrates different cultural traditions for welcoming babies and protecting new mothers.
Rituals such as post-partum porridge and baptisms are used to celebrate new life in different corners of the globe.
Nome, 21, wore the mask as part of the Manaboaka Jabely tradition after giving birth.
She said: “In our culture, mothers like me and our newborn babies are not allowed to go outside during the first seven days after the birth.
“Once we have made it through these sacred, critical seven days, we step outside for a short time to face the reality of life and the bright sun.”
Rinku, 22, from Delhi, said: “The tradition of applying kohl or ‘kajal’ to the infant’s eyes and forehead began long ago and has been taught to each generation by the elders.
“The black kajal protects the child from any evil spirits and keeps them healthy.”
In Scotland, newborn babies – like five-week-old Emma who was photographed by Paul Watt for WaterAid – are given coins in a custom meant to bring prosperity.
The picture gallery has been released by charity WaterAid as part of their Water Effect campaign, which aims to help mothers and new babies ensure they have the best start by providing clean water and good sanitation in health centres.
Tim Wainwright, chief executive of WaterAid, said: “It’s unacceptable that in the developing world one in three health centres do not have clean water.
“This means doctors and midwives cannot protect their patients from the risk of infection, and the consequences can be fatal.
“That’s why we’re putting clean water, decent toilets and good hygiene at the heart of healthcare, helping save lives every day.”
