The Shamima Begum case has prompted fresh questions about how the UK manages those returning or attempting to come back from Syria. But what options do authorities have in such instances?

– Arrest and prosecution

Sajid Javid
Home Secretary Sajid Javid (Dominic Lipinski/PA)

– Managed return

Powers known as temporary exclusion orders (TEOs) were introduced in 2015. They can last for up to two years and can be imposed on those suspected of involvement in terrorism abroad, making it unlawful for them to return to the UK without engaging with authorities. The powers were unused in 2016, while nine TEOs were issued in 2017.

– Removal of citizenship

Lord Carlile
Lord Carlile of Berriew (Paco Anselmi/PA)

– TPIMs

Shamima Begum
Shamima Begum, pictured going through security at Gatwick airport in 2015 (Met Police/PA)

– Deradicalisation

Police funding
Prevent is backed by ministers and police (Joe Giddens/PA)

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