A gold trading business suspected of money laundering deposited £700,000 in cash into a NatWest branch in black bin bags, a court has heard.
NatWest, part of the Royal Bank of Scotland group, is facing sentencing at Southwark Crown Court on Monday after admitting breaching anti-money laundering regulations.
Bradford jewellers Fowler Oldfield’s predicted annual turnover when taken on as a client by the bank was £15 million but some £365 million was deposited over five years, including £264 million in cash.
The company, which was shut down following a police raid in 2016, was initially marked as “high risk” but downgraded in December 2013.
Prosecutor Clare Montgomery QC said the firm purported to be in the business of buying scrap gold which was assayed and sold to jewellers in bars or grain.
Around 50 bank branches across the country were used to make deposits, with Southall receiving £42 million in cash between January 2015 to March 2016 – but no report was made that it was suspicious.
The court heard some £700,000 was paid into the Walsall branch in a single day, with the cash brought through a shopping centre in bin bags.
“Somebody was walking through the streets with the black bin liners of cash,” said Ms Montgomery.
The cash was too heavy for the bags and had to be repackaged in hessian sacks but there was so much it could not all be stored in the bank’s safes, she added.
NatWest’s Halifax branch received £750,000 in three days, while Piccadilly and New Bond Street, which had “several millions” in deposits, were worried it was more cash than they could deal with.
Concerns were raised at a cash centre over the presence of Scottish notes, which the court heard smelled “musty” as if it had been “stored under the floorboards”.
Ms Montgomery said the National Crime Agency (NCA) requested information about the customer over fears the money could be linked to the drugs trade but the bank declined and the concerns did not result in a suspicious activity report (SAR) or trigger a further review.
The court heard NatWest recorded direct cash deposits as cheque deposits between 2008 and March 2017 on the bank’s automatic monitoring system, affecting around £165 million in payments from Fowler Oldfield.
The company was the subject of a total of 11 internal money laundering reports and 10 automated transaction monitoring alerts.
And a SAR was made in relation to one of Fowler Oldfield’s customers – a company involved in hair extensions, which received £307,000 from the jewellers.
But Ms Montgomery said: “So far as each of those reports were concerned, none of them led to an SAR being filed.”
She said staff at the Borehamwood office, who dealt with the bulk of the reports, were more concerned with closing them within a 30-day timeframe than properly investigating.
NatWest previously pleaded guilty to three offences under the Money Laundering Regulations 2007, between November 7 2013 and June 23 2016.
It is the first time a financial institution has faced criminal prosecution by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) under anti-money laundering laws in the UK.
The court heard NatWest has invested £700 million in anti-money laundering procedures since 2016 but Ms Montgomery said there are “still concerns on behalf of the FCA”, with the completion date for one programme pushed back from 2020 to 2023.
John Kelsey-Fry QC, defending, said “the bank realises the seriousness of any failure to successfully discharge” it’s obligations and expressed “deep regret” on behalf of the board.
“It did not escape the bank’s system, it did not go under the radar,” he said.
“It was identified and subjected to scrutiny.
“The quality or adequacy of that scrutiny is another matter.”
